India's Disability Law
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In News: CPWD's Directive on Accessibility in Public Buildings
- The Central Public Works Department (CPWD) has instructed its regional offices to ensure that all public buildings are accessible to people with disabilities.
- Lifts must have audio announcements and visual displays, and emergency evacuation routes for persons with disabilities (PwD) must be appropriately displayed, with signage in Braille.
Background of India's Disability Law
- The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, gave effect to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2006.
- India ratified the convention in 2007, and the 2016 Act replaced The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunity, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995, in April 2017.
Note:
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) and State List:
Article 41 of the DPSP states that the State shall make effective provision for securing the right to work, education, and public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement. The subject of 'relief of the disabled and unemployable' is specified in the state list of the Seventh schedule of the Constitution.
Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 The Act replaces the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995. It fulfills the obligations to the United National Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), to which India is a signatory. According to the The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016, enacted on 28.12.2016 and came into force from 19.04.2017, Disability has been defined based on an evolving and dynamic concept. Salient features of the Act Disabilities covered
Rights and entitlements
Guardianship
Establishment of Authorities
Penalties for offences
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Mandate for Public Buildings
- Rule 15 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Rules, 2017, covers accessibility of physical environment, transport, and information and communication technology.
- Compliance with the standards in the Act, including the harmonized guidelines, is mandatory for all establishments.
- Rule 15 was amended to make compliance with the 2021 harmonised guidelines mandatory.
- The guidelines and standards covered everything from planning and tendering of building projects to specifications for ramps, grab rails, lifts, toilets, and other accessibility features.
- They recommended that universal accessibility should be incorporated in the site planning and detailed working drawings of the project. The guidelines also covered the implementation, evaluation, and maintenance stages.
- All building plans are required to adhere to the guidelines and standards. Existing buildings must be made accessible within five years.
Implementation Status
- CPWD's recent instruction sought compliance with specific provisions in the 2021 guidelines, focusing on audio announcements in lifts and marking evacuation routes for people with disabilities.
- States are yet to incorporate the harmonized guidelines into their building by-laws, despite advocacy by the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA).
Study by Disability Rights India Foundation (DRIF):
- A survey conducted by the Disability Rights India Foundation (DRIF) in 24 States found that more than half have not yet notified State rules for the RPWD Act.
Notification of State Rules:
- Only ten states, including Bihar, Chandigarh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal, have notified the rules
Recognition of Rajasthan:
- Rajasthan was recognized as the best State to implement the Accessible India Campaign on the International Day of Persons with Disabilities (December 3rd).
Accessible India Campaign
- Launched in 2015, the campaign aims to make public buildings, transportation, and websites accessible for PwDs.
- Access audits have been carried out in various buildings, with retrofitting work sanctioned in many, but implementation remains a challenge.
User and Activist Perspectives
- Activists highlight the lack of implementation of both the 2016 and 2021 guidelines, citing issues of awareness, accountability, and budgetary allocation.
- Lack of consistency and monitoring, as well as the need for punitive action, are highlighted as key challenges in ensuring accessibility standards are met.
Way Ahead
- State Rules Notification: States must promptly notify State rules for the RPWD Act to comply with the law.
- Capacity Building: Training for government officials and service providers can improve their understanding of disability rights.
- Awareness Campaigns: Public campaigns can reduce stigma and increase awareness about disability rights and accessibility.
- Monitoring and Evaluation: Regular monitoring can identify implementation gaps and inform policy improvements.
- Collaboration with Civil Society: Working with civil society groups can enhance the Act's implementation and policy formulation.
- Accessible Infrastructure: Enforcing accessibility standards ensures public infrastructure is barrier-free.
- Financial Support: Providing financial assistance can help persons with disabilities access essential services.
- Legal Aid and Support: Offering legal aid services can help persons with disabilities navigate legal challenges
Conclusion
- Despite legislative efforts and guidelines, the implementation of accessibility standards in public buildings remains a challenge in India, requiring greater awareness, accountability, and enforcement mechanisms.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is an international human rights treaty that aims to protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities. It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2006 and entered into force in 2008. The CRPD is based on the principles of non-discrimination, inclusion, full participation, respect for difference, and equality of opportunity. The convention recognizes that persons with disabilities have the same human rights as everyone else and seeks to ensure their full and equal participation in society. It covers a wide range of rights, including civil and political rights, economic and social rights, and cultural rights. It also recognizes the importance of accessibility, participation in decision-making, and the role of families and communities in supporting persons with disabilities. The CRPD requires states that are party to the convention to take measures to ensure the rights of persons with disabilities, including through legislation, policies, and programs. It also calls for international cooperation to promote and protect these rights. CRPD has been ratified by 182 countries, making it one of the most widely ratified human rights treaties in the worldTop of Form |
PRACTICE QUESTION Q. Explain the impact of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, on persons with disabilities in India. Highlight the major challenges in its implementation and suggest measures to overcome them. |