About India-Mauritius Relations

Key Points

Details

Historical Ties

●Indian presence in Mauritius since the 1730s: Initially as artisans and labourers brought by the French from their Indian colonies.

●Large-scale migration of indentured labourers from India (1834-1920s) after the abolition of slavery:  Mostly from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, these labourers significantly shaped Mauritian society.

●Shared colonial history under French and British rule: Both nations gained independence in the mid-20th century, adding a layer of common experience.

Demographics

●Indo-Mauritians form about 70% of the population: This creates a unique cultural landscape with deep roots in India.

●Shared cultural heritage: Many Indo-Mauritians maintain traditions, festivals, and languages (Hindi, Bhojpuri) from their ancestral homeland.

Political Relations

●Diplomatic relations established in 1948 (before Mauritius' independence): Indicate India's early recognition and support for Mauritian sovereignty.

●Frequent high-level visits and exchanges: Demonstrates continuous engagement and commitment to strengthening the partnership.

●Shared views on international forums: Builds cooperation on issues like climate change, sustainable development, and multilateralism.

●Close cooperation on regional security, and maritime issues (Indian Ocean): Highlights India's recognition of Mauritius as a key Indian Ocean partner for ensuring security and stability.

Economic Cooperation

●India is one of Mauritius' largest trading partners: However, the trade balance is heavily in India's favor.

●Major Indian exports: petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, and other manufactured goods. This reflects India's growing manufacturing sector and Mauritius's reliance on imports.

●Mauritius as a significant source of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into India: Often through routing investments due to the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA).

●Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) in place, though sometimes subject to scrutiny: The DTAA is aimed at preventing double taxation but has raised concerns about potential misuse for tax avoidance.

Development Cooperation

●India extends Lines of Credit, grants, and technical assistance to Mauritius: Focus on infrastructure, healthcare, and education.

●Key Indian-supported projects in Mauritius: Metro Express, New Supreme Court building, New ENT hospital, social housing projects.

●Capacity-building programs and scholarships for Mauritian students: Enhances Mauritian human capital and strengthens ties.

Defense & Security

●Regular joint naval exercises and training: Improves interoperability and readiness.

●Mauritius is a key partner in India's maritime security strategy: India sees Mauritius as crucial for securing its interests in the Indian Ocean.

●Cooperation on anti-piracy, disaster relief: Addresses shared regional security challenges.

●India has gifted patrol vessels to Mauritius: Strengthens Mauritius' maritime capabilities.

Cultural & Educational

●Vibrant Indian Cultural Centre in Mauritius: Promotes Indian culture and heritage.

●Promotion of Hindi/Bhojpuri: Preserves linguistic connections.

●Festivals & events: Reinforces shared traditions.

●Exchange programs: Promotes understanding among youth.

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q. In the context of rising Chinese influence in the Indian Ocean, how does the India-Mauritius relationship factor into India's strategic goals, and are there areas where cooperation can be strengthened to address regional security concerns?