India’s goal of “Health for All” faces major hurdles such as low public health spending, rising non-communicable and infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and persistent gaps in infrastructure and access. Although initiatives like Ayushman Bharat, Health and Wellness Centres, and disease-control programmes have expanded services, missed TB targets and repeated pharmaceutical quality lapses reveal systemic weaknesses. Achieving true universal health coverage will require higher funding, stronger regulation, and a primary healthcare–centred approach.
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India is redefining global TB eradication efforts through rapid, point-of-care molecular diagnostics that enable early, accurate detection even in remote settings. Indigenous technologies such as Truenat have accelerated diagnosis, improved treatment initiation, and strengthened primary healthcare delivery. International case studies from Nigeria, Mozambique, and Tanzania demonstrate their global impact. However, challenges such as high operational costs, supply chain gaps, limited digital connectivity, and the need for integrated nutrition and social support remain. With sustained investment, stronger partnerships, and equitable access, India can lead the global shift toward inclusive and effective TB control.
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