Tribal Self-Governance

PESA ACT 1996: PROVISIONS, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

Nearly 30 years after PESA, tribal self-governance remains weak. Some states like Jharkhand notified rules, while others lag. Gram Sabha consent is diluted to consultation, and mining laws override protections. Cases like Mendha Lekha and Niyamgiri show progress and struggle, highlighting the need for legal harmonisation and empowerment.