India’s crude oil basket has evolved from dominant dependence on West Asia to a more diversified mix, influenced by geopolitics, sanctions, price dynamics, and refinery flexibility. The decline of Iranian supplies due to sanctions, the rise of U.S. and African crude, and especially the rapid increase in discounted Russian oil since 2022 have reshaped India’s sourcing pattern. Today, India imports nearly 85% of its crude requirement, with Russia emerging as a leading supplier alongside Middle Eastern producers, reflecting a strategy focused on cost efficiency, energy security, and diplomatic balancing.
Click to View MoreThe US has imposed sanctions on Russian oil giants Rosneft and Lukoil, raising the risk of secondary sanctions on countries and companies that continue to trade with them. India, a major importer of Russian crude, faces challenges as its refiners rely on US dollars, global financial systems, and insurance services for oil transactions. While there are no direct sanctions on Russian oil, the threat has prompted India to reconsider imports, diversify energy sources, strengthen domestic production, and expand renewable energy. The government and refiners are exploring risk mitigation strategies to maintain energy security while balancing economic and diplomatic interests.
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