Micrometeoroids and orbital debris together form a major hazard for spacecraft and astronauts in Earth orbit. Micrometeoroids are naturally occurring tiny particles from asteroids and comets, while orbital debris consists of human-made junk such as defunct satellites and rocket fragments. Concentrated mainly in Low Earth Orbit, these high-velocity particles can damage spacecraft and trigger collision cascades known as the Kessler Syndrome. To address this growing risk, global bodies such as UNCOPUOS and IADC have framed debris-mitigation guidelines, while India has strengthened tracking and collision-avoidance systems through initiatives like Project NETRA and IS4OM. Effective debris management is essential to protect satellites, ensure astronaut safety, and maintain the long-term sustainability of outer space.
Click to View MoreThe evolution of outer space has seen peaceful exploration, military applications, and advanced rocketry and missile technologies. Major powers like the US, China, and Russia are developing space-based military technologies, driven by geopolitical competition, dual-use technologies, and private sector involvement. India faces challenges like strategic vulnerability, space debris, and limited funding.
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