self-governance

PANCHAYAT EXTENSION TO SCHEDULED AREAS (PESA) ACT 1996: CHALLENGES and WAY FORWARD

 The PESA Act, 1996 aimed to ensure tribal self-rule by empowering Gram Sabhas in Fifth Schedule Areas. Yet weak state rules, administrative apathy, legal conflicts, and poor awareness have diluted its impact. Despite judicial backing, only strong political will, capacity building, and effective implementation can realise its promise.