The reports by NITI Aayog present an integrated roadmap showing that India can achieve the vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047 while reaching Net Zero emissions by 2070. The transition requires a structural transformation of the economy through rapid electrification, large-scale expansion of renewable energy, improved energy efficiency, and adoption of low-carbon technologies. Electricity’s share in final energy demand is expected to rise significantly, while fossil fuel dependence will decline sharply.
The analysis highlights that India’s development trajectory will be investment-driven, requiring nearly USD 500 billion annually in climate-related investments. Key challenges include financing gaps, rising demand for critical minerals, infrastructure lock-in risks—especially as 80–86% of future building stock is yet to be constructed—and managing a just transition for over 150 fossil-fuel-dependent districts.
The strategy emphasises behavioural change through Mission LiFE, circular economy practices, climate-resilient agriculture, sustainable urbanisation, and strong institutional coordination. With nearly 40% of districts facing high climate risk, adaptation and resilience must complement mitigation efforts.
Overall, the Net Zero pathway is framed not just as a climate obligation but as an opportunity to enhance energy security, create green jobs, improve public health, and build a resilient, competitive, and sustainable Indian economy.
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