nivation hollows

ICE PATCHES ON MELTING GLACIERS IN THE HIMALAYAS

An ISRO study on the August 2025 Dharali flash flood identifies the collapse of exposed ice patches in nivation hollows—driven by rapid deglaciation and global warming—as a critical new cryospheric hazard, necessitating that India’s NDMA expand its satellite surveillance and early warning systems beyond traditional GLOF monitoring to protect high-altitude regions.