Modern trade pacts now set rules on environment, labour, and digital commerce, not just tariffs. Deals like the India–EFTA TEPA expand market access and investment, but raise compliance costs for MSMEs. Measures such as the EU’s CBAM risk protectionism, challenging India’s policy autonomy.
Click to View MoreGlobalization is shifting from efficiency to security-led geoeconomics, where trade and finance serve strategic goals. Trends like SWIFT weaponization, friend-shoring, and tech restrictions define this new order. For India, China+1 and PLIs offer gains, but CBAM pressures and tech gaps persist, requiring tight alignment of economic reforms with foreign policy.
Click to View MoreThe India-EFTA TEPA pledges $100 billion FDI and 1 million jobs, boosting “Make in India” and “Atmanirbhar Bharat.” While it strengthens India’s trade and innovation profile, challenges like data exclusivity and trade imbalances must be managed to ensure balanced, equitable, and sustainable long-term growth.
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