🔔Join APTI PLUS Prelims Mirror 2026 | All India Open Mock Test Series on 12th April, 26th April & 3rd May 2026 |Register Now!
UNCLOS establishes "laws of the sea," defining territorial boundaries and resource rights. SOLAS sets essential safety standards for ship construction, equipment, and operation. MARPOL focuses on environmental protection, strictly regulating pollution from oil, chemicals, and sewage.
Click to View MoreCarbon-free shipping aims to decarbonize the maritime sector by using zero- or low-emission fuels, energy-efficient technologies, and carbon capture solutions. The IMO Net-Zero Framework (2025) targets net-zero emissions by 2050, but implementation has been delayed due to opposition from major countries like the U.S. Key challenges include high technology costs, limited fuel availability, regulatory delays, and infrastructure gaps. India has aligned its policies through the Merchant Shipping Act and Indian Ports Act (2025) and plans to source 60–90% of port energy from renewables by 2030–2047. Coordinated global action, regulatory clarity, and innovation are crucial to achieving carbon-free shipping and meeting climate goals.
Click to View More
© 2026 iasgyan. All right reserved
