Environment GS Paper 3

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ACT 2002: FEATURES, SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

The Biological Diversity Act, 2002, protects India's genetic resources through equitable benefit-sharing. Recent 2026 updates introduce e-PBRs and revised penalties to streamline compliance. Despite challenges like institutional inertia, it aims to balance industrial growth with grassroots conservation and biopiracy prevention. 

Dugongs and Seagrass Ecosystems

The Union Environment Ministry’s Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) has asked the Tamil Nadu government to revise the design of the proposed International Dugong Conservation Centre at Manora in Thanjavur district. Although the project aims to support dugong research, rescue, rehabilitation, and awareness, the committee raised concerns because most of the proposed construction falls within ecologically sensitive Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) areas, including a No Development Zone and regions with mangroves and seagrass meadows.

The EAC objected to the heavy use of conventional concrete structures in such a fragile coastal environment and recommended adopting low-impact, eco-friendly construction methods. It also suggested relocating as many facilities as possible outside the restricted zones and studying best practices from similar conservation centres. The project will be reconsidered only after a revised, environmentally sensitive plan is submitted.