The right to a fair and speedy trial is a fundamental guarantee under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Despite robust legal frameworks, systemic delays, limited legal aid, and an overwhelming undertrial population severely threaten justice, requiring urgent technological and procedural reforms.
Click to View MoreDefault bail is an indefeasible fundamental right under Article 21, protecting accused individuals from indefinite pre-trial detention if police fail to file a charge sheet within 60/90 days. However, recent Supreme Court rulings under the BNSS clarify that mere procedural delays in supplying document copies do not trigger this right.
Click to View MoreIndia’s criminal justice system is embracing a victim-centric model through the BNSS 2023, guaranteeing structured victim compensation, active procedural participation, and timely updates. This transition successfully balances restorative justice mechanisms with retributive frameworks while protecting the accused's constitutional rights.
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