91st Amendment Act 2003

TENTH SCHEDULE AND PARTY MERGERS: ANTI-DEFECTION LAW AND LEGISLATIVE STABILITY

The Anti-Defection Law (Tenth Schedule) penalizes legislators for switching parties, targeting political instability. However, ambiguous drafting in Paragraph 4 allows mass defections under the guise of "mergers." Reforming Speaker adjudication and limiting whips are critical for safeguarding democratic mandates.