Waste management in India is a complex and multidimensional challenge, involving municipal, industrial, biomedical, e-waste, plastic, and agricultural waste. Rapid urbanization, population growth, and inadequate infrastructure have compounded the problem. The government has initiated several programs, including the Swachh Bharat Mission, Waste to Wealth Mission, and GOBARdhan Scheme, focusing on scientific disposal, recycling, energy recovery, and citizen participation. Effective waste management requires a holistic approach that integrates technology, policy, social inclusion, economic sustainability, and public awareness, transforming waste from a problem into a resource for environmental and economic benefits.
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