The Mekedatu dam dispute highlights Karnataka’s push for drinking water and hydropower versus Tamil Nadu’s fears of reduced flow and legal violations. Environmental concerns in the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary add pressure. With the Supreme Court involving the CWMA, resolution depends on cooperative federalism and sustainable urban water options.
Click to View MoreZonal Councils, created under the 1956 Act, promote cooperative federalism by resolving inter-state disputes, coordinating security and supporting regional development. Their impact remains limited by irregular meetings and weak follow-up. Strengthening them through regular reviews and better implementation, as recommended by major commissions, can improve cooperation.
Click to View MoreIndian federalism is competitive, with states vying for investment through reforms encouraged by NITI Aayog indices. This boosts innovation but risks regional inequality and unsustainable incentives. A balanced cooperative-competitive model is needed to pair healthy rivalry with equitable, sustainable national development.
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