Stubble burning in India has multidimensional consequences. Environmentally, it releases particulate matter and greenhouse gases, reduces soil fertility, and harms biodiversity. Health-wise, it causes respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, eye irritation, and skin problems. Economically, while it saves farmers time and labor in the short term, it degrades soil, reduces crop yields, raises healthcare costs, and affects transport and tourism. Socially, it can trigger public health crises, farmer migration, and conflicts over legal penalties. Effective policy measures—including satellite monitoring, incentives for eco-friendly machinery, and balancing farmer livelihoods with environmental protection—are crucial to mitigate these impacts.
Click to View MoreCarbon-free shipping aims to decarbonize the maritime sector by using zero- or low-emission fuels, energy-efficient technologies, and carbon capture solutions. The IMO Net-Zero Framework (2025) targets net-zero emissions by 2050, but implementation has been delayed due to opposition from major countries like the U.S. Key challenges include high technology costs, limited fuel availability, regulatory delays, and infrastructure gaps. India has aligned its policies through the Merchant Shipping Act and Indian Ports Act (2025) and plans to source 60–90% of port energy from renewables by 2030–2047. Coordinated global action, regulatory clarity, and innovation are crucial to achieving carbon-free shipping and meeting climate goals.
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