PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Introduction
- The 2021 Economic Survey rightly flagged the issue of a growing food subsidy bill which is becoming unmanageably large.
Status of Food Subsidy
- Food subsidy, coupled with the drawal of food grains by States from the central pool under various schemes, has been on a perpetual growth trajectory.
- During 2016-17 to 2019-20, the subsidy amount, clubbed with loans taken by the Food Corporation of India (FCI) under the National Small Savings Fund (NSSF) towards food subsidy, was in the range of 1.65-lakh crore to Rs. 2.2-lakh crore.
- In future, the annual subsidy bill of the Centre is expected to be about 2.5-lakh crore.
Key findings from the CAG audit:
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Reason for High Subsidy
High drawal rate:
- During the three years, the quantity of food grains drawn by States (annually) hovered around 60 million tonnes to 66 million tonnes.
- Compared to the allocation, the rate of drawal was 91% to 95%.
- As the National Food Security Act (NFSA) enhanced entitlements (covering two-thirds of the country’s population), this naturally pushed up the States’ drawal.
Issue prices:
- Central Issue Price (CIP) has remained at Rs. 2 per kg for wheat and Rs. 3 per kg for rice for years, though the NFSA, even in 2013, envisaged a price revision after three years.
Comparison with other mechanism
Way Forward
In this context, it is time the Centre had a relook at the overall food subsidy system including the pricing mechanism.
Give Up Option:
- It should revisit NFSA norms and coverage. An official committee in January 2015 called for decreasing the quantum of coverage under the law, from the present 67% to around 40%. For all ration cardholders drawing food grains, a “give-up” option, as done in the case of cooking gas cylinders, can be made available.
- Even though States have been allowed to frame criteria for the identification of PHH cardholders, the Centre can nudge them into pruning the number of such beneficiaries.
Slab System:
- As for the prices, the existing arrangement of flat rates should be replaced with a slab system. Barring the needy, other beneficiaries can be made to pay a little more for a higher quantum of food grains.
- The rates at which these beneficiaries have to be charged can be arrived at by the Centre and the States through consultations.